Romeo And Juliet With West Side Story Essays -

Romeo And Juliet With West Side Story Story are two fundamentally the same as motion pictures. In spite of the fact that they are indistinguishable from numerous points of view, they are very extraordinary too. The two films reflect each other right until the battle in West Side Story and until Mercutio bites the dust in Romeo and Juliet. When Tony bites the dust in West Side Story and Maria, going about as a Juliet, the major contrasts begin to appear. In Romeo and Juliet, the two sweethearts both pass on, in West Side Story, Maria lives. Rather than battling between families, as the Montagues what's more, the Capulets, West Side Story draws out the pack movement, Sharks versus Planes. A portion of the characters in West Side Story are a similar character type as the ones in Romeo and Juliet. These characters: Maria as a Juliet, Tony as Romeo, Bernardo as Tybalt, Anita as the Nurse, and so on., have similar mentalities. These are just a couple of the likenesses. The initial scenes in the two films are comparable too. In West Side Story the Sharks hassle a man, as the individuals from his group appear at his side. They don't trade words; they simply begin singing and moving. This is the point at which the cops come to separate the two posses, much the same as Esclas(?) did in Romeo and Juliet. There is some other time when Riff talks Tony into going to the move at the rec center as Benvolio convinces Romeo to go to the ball. At the party, there seems a little youngster, Maria, similarly as in Romeo and Juliet, the specific perfect when Juliet shows up. When Anita is revealing to Maria that she can't in any way, shape or form be enamored with Tony; for he is an American, and Lady Capulet what's more, the Nurse address Juliet about the contrasts between the two families. The two young ladies realize that their affection is risking, they despite everything are solid willed in keeping it. The two young ladies are likewise there to wed individuals they are not in adoration with. Furthermore, once more, their Ladies disclose to them that they should simply wed what their identity is told to wed. In West Side Story, Tony and Maria initially meet at the party similarly as in Romeo and Juliet, where the two of them initially meet at the ball. It resembles love at first sight in quite a while. The overhang scene in Romeo and Juliet additionally reflects the emergency exit scene in West Side Story. The two men address the young ladies as a section of the sky, the sun, moon, and so forth. Anita gets some answers concerning the adoration among Tony and Maria, as the Nurse with Romeo and Juliet, yet both are steady. The group action in West Side Story doesn't come that nearby with the pack movement of today. Today, groups are much increasingly savage, there is a harsher method to demonstrate your faithfulness while today, such as killing somebody or remove their fingers, and so on. In West Side Story, to be in packs you should simply demonstrate your unwaveringness through your genuineness. In packs today, they definitely don't sing and move around. The names that the groups have in West Side Story are not cruel names, either. Today, they are terrible names with cruel implications. The main comparative things with the posses today and in West Side Story that I have seen is that they remain together, push their exposure, and have certain things about them that they all do together. One model, being the shading, number, race, name, and so on., that the present posses use to separate themselves with additionally is utilized in West Side Story. Roxanne and Cyrano de Bergerac additionally have comparative characteristics to them. To start with, the names of Roxanne and C. D Bales, possibly representing Cyrano de Bergerac and obviously both young ladies are named Roxanne. In the two films, the entire town adores a man, however the man fears that he would never have the affection for a lady since he has such a major nose. The two films broadcast a general vibe in light of the fact that possibly that we as a whole have a few sort of thing or route about us that we covertly dread individuals may mock. In Cyrano de Bergerac, Cyrano experiences passionate feelings for Roxanne, as does Christian. This reflects Bales experiencing passionate feelings for, once more, Roxanne simply like Chris. In Roxanne, she begins to look all starry eyed at Chris first in view of the external highlights, however he doesn't have the foggiest idea how to converse with lady. C.D Bales is acceptable with lady and delicate with them, much the same as in Cyrano, how Roxanne is enamored with Christian's face furthermore, Cyrano's words. There is additionally a

Electoral College Essays - Electoral College, Free Essays

Constituent College Essays - Electoral College, Free Essays Constituent College The Electoral CollegeToday How can it be that in the United States the words legislative issues and lawmaker has affiliations that are strangely negative for our countrys pioneers? Today, Americas lawmakers have transformed into avaricious officials. The blend of legislative issues and business is pushing our nation away from the rules that our establishing fathers set fourth. For what reason is our forty-third president in office when most of Americans decided in favor of an alternate competitor? A political decision that gives the individuals the decision regardless of state lines of a president by a lion's share would fix a portion of the present issues of the Electoral College. We have a president that tormented his way into office and now numerous Americans question the administration. Where did the Electoral College turn out badly? The prominence vote appears to not play any factor in our presidential political race. A significant clash concerning the Electoral College waits in America. The Constitutional Convention made the Electoral College in 1789 with the expectation that it would be a satisfactory framework (MacBride 29). The Electoral College comprises of congresspersons and delegates who cast their decisions in favor of the state they speak to. The individuals who feel that the school ought to stay as it is accept that the American individuals are too clueless about political race issues to cast a ballot. The contention for the change of the school keeps up that the individuals are not really choosing the president, yet the bigger states are. At last, most of the United States residents bolster the end of an Electoral College that fills no need in the administration. The contention for the continuation of the Electoral College holds that it speaks to a viable foundation. To begin with, the arrangement of the school exhibits its legitimacy. The measure of discretionary votes granted to each state, incredibly basic in decisions, stays chose by the quantity of congresspersons and agents in Congress (Polsby 45). Numerous government officials locate the current framework very productive in light of the fact that they feel the balloters speak to their constituents (Best 52). Furthermore, the Electoral Colleges capacity to effectively fill its need gives motivation to its long presence. An appointive framework should deliver an unmistakable, acknowledged victor and stay away from delayed challenges and questions that make vulnerability and open unrest (Best 210). Also, never throughout the entire existence of the Electoral College has a discussion created in which the school dismissed a person who had an undisputed lion's share of the mainstream vote (Best 52). Above all, the individuals who concur with saving the Electoral College accept that political race by famous vote, the option in contrast to the school, would make various insufficiencies in the framework. Political decision by direct well known vote would be perilous to the countries wellbeing, said a concerned resident (Weisberger 24). Obligated to trickeries of reality and excessively formally dressed of the applicants, the individuals, casting a ballot legitimately, represent a danger to the arrangement of choosing presidents (Weisberger 24). Numerous individuals feel that the well known appointment of presidents would work a lessening of the political intensity of racial and other minority bunches in the countries urban focuses (Bickel 13). Then again, the situation for freeing the country of the Electoral College contends that the school fills no need. Above all else, the current organization of the Electoral College shows the universities deficient characteristics. The present configuration of the school, giving the edge to the bigger states, displays its insufficiencies (Polsby 32). The constituent school framework, it is asserted, doesn't ensure that the competitor with the most well known votes will win, produces extraordinary imbalances in casting a ballot power among the national electorate, contains a possibility political decision arrangement that isn't just unrepresentative however that could likewise bring about a stalemate or in political duels, allows the desire of the lion's share voters in a state or even in the country to be foiled through the established freedom of the voters, and licenses the discretionary choice to turn on extortion or chance in key states (Best 22). An examination directed by John F. Banzhaf, III uncovered states like New York and California have more than two and one half times as much opportunity to impact the appointment of the president as occupants of the littler states (Bickel 6). Moreover, creating turmoil among the political framework, the Electoral College raised

The Luck of Roaring Camp Free Essays

The story begins with a one of a kind occasion. What's going on here? What criticalness would you be able to join to the occasion? The story is initiated by an extraordinary occasion which is the introduction of a kid in the gold mining camp where â€Å"Deaths were not strange in Roaring Camp; however a birth was enormous news†. Especially, the presence of the infant, a vagrant now, in the â€Å"roaring† land among all men who were either escapees, crooks, or miners put them into a predicament. We will compose a custom paper test on The Luck of Roaring Camp or on the other hand any comparable theme just for you Request Now They were an impolite arrangement of all the cliché terrible individuals on the planet, positively not fit to be the gatekeepers of an infant. The nearness of the kid, in this way, conjectures the extraordinary changes in this land and in these men. Also, apparently, in examination with the Orient viewpoint, the Occident appears to consider the birthday significantly more significant than the spending one since Birthday is the beginning stage of another life. 2. Rundown 2 changes that were achieved with the happening to the infant. How would you decipher these changes?Changes at that point started in Roaring Camp alongside the happening to the child; work of recovery indistinctly came over the settlement. To begin with, â€Å"Roaring Camp created stricter ‘personal cleanliness’ upon the individuals who tried to hold ‘The Luck’. Taking Kentuck as a common model, he was in the past new to anything ‘clean’, showed up each evening in a perfect shirt, and face sparkling. The men put on something else like a snake shedding skin for another delightful and cheerful life. In addition, Stumpy had forced a sort of isolate on who might have the pleasure of holding Tommy.Tommy should consistently find a sense of contentment and not upset by clamor, along these lines the yelling and hollering was not allowed close enough to hear Stumpy. The card sharks, consumers and lawbreakers used to cause the camp to turn into a â€Å"roaring† one, presently genuinely â€Å"converse in murmurs, or smoked with Indian gravity†. I recognize obviously that the kid made all the unrefined men become the devoted one and brought about the huge recovery significantly inside their spirits and spirits. They all situated to the new life, extremely serene, delightful and delicate. 3. What do you see as the most contacting point of interest of the story? The picture toward the finish of the story which portrayed Kentuck holding Luck summons endless feeling on me. In any event, being remorselessly squashed, he despite everything held The Luck of Roaring Camp in his arms. Demise has by and by been available †The passing of ‘the Luck’. All the men put extraordinary love on Luck, their pride, their expectation and their happiness, particularly Kentuck. From the main second when Luck was conceived, â€Å"as Kentuck twisted around the table inquisitively, the youngster turned and got at his finger, and held it quick for a moment.Kentuck looked silly and humiliated something like a redden in his climate beaten cheek†. He held his adoration firmly in his arms however Luck was pulseless. Dead. He affirmed that and grinned, â€Å"a grin lit the eyes of the terminating Kentuck†. â€Å"Dying, he’s taking me with him†. His final words were â€Å"Tell the young men, I’ve got the Luck with me now†. He was not scared of death, no groaning, no moaning, then again, he fulfilled and content with his fate that he were with Luck now and saved the infant forever. Kentuck kicked the bucket, however he left the world realizing he would be heading off to a superior place.Until the last snapshot of his life, Kentuck still put his whole endeavor to secure the Luck and the Luck of Roaring Camp consistently was sheltered with his consideration. â€Å"The tough man, sticking to the delicate darling, floated away into the shadowy stream that streams perpetually to the obscure sea†. 4. In the event that you can say one thing regarding Kentuck, what do you say? Kentuck †an unmistakable resident of the Roaring Camp, he burned through the entirety of his adoration for the Luck. He amazingly adored and thought about the infant. Kentuck is the agent of the diggers in Gold Rush.He has changed himself totally on account of the presence of the kid; from profoundly inside his spirit, he despite everything was starving for a typical and serene existence with family and with the coming children. Harte has effectively developed the natural picture of the man, which reflected unmistakably Realism in this composition. 5. How would you see the awful closure of the story? Story is shut with the exceptionally unfortunate closure †The Death of three principle characters: Stumpy, Kentuck and Luck. I feel as though they were a family with Stumpy as mother, Kentuck as father and Luck as their son.It can be seen that the story is the adaptable and consonant blend of both Romanticism and Realism. Also, the writer applied Realism to end his work, which, I assume, will be amassed in readers’ mind for the since quite a while ago run. In the wake of seeing the constructive upgrades of the Roaring Camp, the perusers emphatically put stock in the splendid future for all individuals, a glad consummation. Yet, it appears that if the story created following that bearing, the sentiment of solace would be stayed in readers’ mind. In any case, the consummation of this composing really puts the feeling of torment on perusers and that appears to be significantly more noteworthy and significant. . Where is the setting of the story? What is the point at which the story happened (1850)? What do you think about this land around then? Who are the populace? Sketch their life/values? The Luck of Roaring Camp is set in a mining town at the hour of the California Gold Rush of 1850. Dash for unheard of wealth (1848-1855) pulled in several thousands from Latin America, Europe, Australia and China. By the start of 1849, expression of the Gold Rush had spread the world over, and a staggering number of gold-searchers and vendors started to show up from practically every continent.The biggest gathering of forty-niners in 1849 was Americans, showing up by the several thousands overland over the landmass and along different cruising courses. It is evaluated that around 90,000 individuals showed up in California in 1849. Of these, maybe 50,000 to 60,000 were Americans, and the rest were from different nations. By 1855, it is evaluated in any event 300,000 gold-searchers, dealers, and different settlers had shown up in California from around the globe. In 1849 overall of 10 million dollars worth for gold was mined.But the surge guaranteed that not very many miners made their fortune, many got back with minimal more than they had begun with. Most excavators invested their free energy drinking and betting. Other than men, there were even ladies in the Gold Rush. They held different jobs including whores, single business visionaries, wedded ladies, poor and well off ladies. The reasons they came fluctuated: some accompanied their spouses, declining to be deserted to battle for themselves, some came in light of the fact that their husbands sent for them, and others came (singles and widows) for the experience and financial opportunities.On the path numerous individuals kicked the bucket from mishaps, cholera, fever, and heap different causes and numerous ladies became widows before seeing California. While in California, ladies were widows every now and again because of mining mishaps, infection, or mining questions of their spouses. All in all, the gold-searcher frequently confronted significant hardships on the life of looking for getting rich. Done by: Doan Thuy Linh †C57A †F. O. E Reference: 1. Wikipedia. com Step by step instructions to refer to The Luck of Roaring Camp, Papers

Financial Products Of Tata Capital Limited Finance Essay - Free Essay Example

Tata Capital Limited (also referred to as TCL) is a finance company that fulfills the financial needs of retail and institutional customers in India. It was established in 2007 as a wholly owned subsidiary of Tata Sons and is registered with the Reserve Bank of India as a systemically important non-deposit taking non-banking financial company (NBFC). The company is focused on providing multiple financial services through an extensive network of over 1,000 customer touch-points covering tier I, tier II and tier III cities. Areas of business[1] Tata Capital has financial products and services in the following seven sectors: Distribution and broking: Third-party investment products, equity and commodity trading for retail and institutional customers. Retail finance: Passenger and commercial vehicle loans, used car loans, personal loans, home loans, credit cards and consumer durable loans for retail customers. Commercial finance: Financial products for small and medium enterprises and project finance for capital equipment and infrastructure. Investment banking: Advisory and debt and equity market products for corporate and small and medium enterprises. Private equity: Investments in India and other countries. Wealth management: Suite of advisory and investment offerings for high net worth individuals. Rural finance: Relevant financial products for rural customers, including financing of farm equipment, agricultural inputs and agricultural enterprises. Tata Capital also owns around 4 per cent of equity capital of Development Credit Bank, a growing private sector bank. Tata Capital Limited Fund Raising 2009 On Feb 10, 2009, Tata Capital Limited floated its public issue of Non Convertible Debentures (NCD). This is a public issue by the company aggregating Rs. 50,000 Lakhs (or Rs. 500 Crores) with an option to retain oversubscription of Rs. 1,00,000 Lakhs (or Rs.1,000 Crores) for issuance of additional NCDs. Common Terms of the Issue The common terms of the NCD issue of Tata Capital were as follows: Issue NCDs aggregating Rs. 50,000 lakhs with an option to retain over-subscription of Rs. 1,00,000 lakhs for issuance of additional NCDs. Stock Exchanges proposed for listing of the NCDs NSE Issuance Demat form only Trading Demat mode only Depository NSDL and CDSL Security[2] Security will be created for the purposes of this Issue as per the Debenture Trust Deed. Rating LAA+ by ICRA and CARE AA+ by CARE Issue Schedule[3] Issue Opening Date: February 2, 2009 and Issue Closing Date: February 24, 2009 Pay-in date 5 days from the date of application Deemed Date of Allotment Deemed date of allotment shall be the date of issue of the letter of allotment / regret Settlement Please refer to the section titled Terms of the Issue on page 115 in the attached Prospectus The NCDs will be issued at their respective face values. Specific Terms of the Issue The specific terms of each instrument are set out below: Options I II III IV Interest Payment Monthly Quarterly Annual Cumulative Minimum Application[4] Rs.1,00,000/- Rs.10,000/- Rs.10,000/- Rs.10,000/- In Multiples of Rs.100,000/- Rs.1,000/- Rs.1,000/- Rs.1,000/- Face Value of NCDs (Rs. / NCD) Rs.100,000/- Rs.1,000/- Rs.1,000/- Rs.1,000/- Interest Payment[5] ECS only Through various options available Through various options available Through various options available Coupon (%) 11% per annum 11.25% per annum 12 % per annum 12 % per annum to be compounded annually Yield on redemption 11.57% 11.73% 12% 12% Put and call option 36 months 42 months 36 months 36 months Tenor 60 months 60 months 60 months 60 months Redemption Date[6] 5 years from the deemed date of allotment 5 years from the deemed date of allotment 5 years from the deemed date of allotment 5 years from the deemed date of allotment Redemption Amount Face value plus any interest that may have accrued Face value plus any interest that may have accrued Face value plus any interest that may have accrued Face value plus any interest that may have accrued Lead Managers to the issue The commercial or investment banks which have primary responsibility for organizing a given issuance are referred to as Lead Managers. They will find other lending organizations or underwriters to create the syndicate, negotiate terms with the issuer, and assess market conditions. The Lead Managers to this issue were: ICICI Securities Limited Citigroup Global Markets India Private Limited DSP Merrill Lynch Limited Registrar to the issue Registrar to an issue refers to the person appointed by a body corporate or any person or group of persons to carry on the following activities on its or his or their behalf, namely: Collecting applications from investors in respect of an issue Keeping a proper record of applications and money received from investors or paid to the seller of the securities and Assisting body corporate or person or group of persons in: Determining the basis of allotment of securities in consultation with the stock exchange Finalizing of the list of persons entitled to allotment of securities Processing and dispatching allotment letters, refund orders or certificates and other related documents in respect of the issue In this case of issue of NCDs by Tata Capital, the registrar to the issue was Karvy Computershare Private Limited. Underwriters to the Issue There was no underwriting done for this issue. Credit Rating The NCDs have been rated LAA+ by ICRA (Investment Information and Credit Rating Agency) and CARE AA+ by CARE (Credit Analysis Research Ltd.). Both these ratings are based mainly on the association of the company with Tata Group and may not necessarily reflect the performance of the company. The company is too new to be assessed and has minimal track record. The implications of these ratings are: LAA+ by ICRA (): ICRA has rated the NCDs LAA+. This rating indicates high-credit-quality and also implies that the rated instrument carries low credit risk. This rating primarily reflects TCLs strong parentage (the Company is owned 100% by Tata Sons Limited (TSL), rated at LAAA and A1+ for its long term and short term debt programmes, respectively, by ICRA) and the strong commitment of TSL to TCL, which ICRA expects would allow the Company to grow its financing volumes by leveraging the strength of the Tata brand and by exploiting the synergies with other Tata Group companies by financing various participants in the supply chain as well as some of the end products. While TCL has the challenge of managing relatively newer assets, it is in a superior position (vis a vis other lenders) to comprehend credit risk and to service the borrower on its exposures to entities of the Tata supply chain. CARE AA+ by CARE (Credit Analysis Research Limited): CARE has assigned a CARE AA+ rating to the Issue for an aggregate amount of Rs. 150,000 lakhs having maturity between 1-7 years. Instruments with this rating are considered to offer high safety for timely servicing of debt obligations and carry very low credit risk. The rating factors in TCLs strong parentage (TCL being a wholly owned subsidiary of Tata Sons Ltd.), the demonstrated support of the Tata group, both, by way of capital support as well as offering of in-house business opportunities (lending opportunities offered by the Tata ecosystem comprising dealers/vendors and other business constituents/ relationships affiliated with the group companies). The rating also factors in the brand equity of the parent company which would aid TCL in scaling up its volumes beyond the group related business as well as render it with strong resource raising capabilities. Mode of Issuance and Trading The issue is in demat form only and it can be traded in demat form only. Subscription Tata Capital Limited received an overwhelming response for its public issue of NCDs. Based on subscriptions of over Rs.3,000 Crore received, the issue was oversubscribed by more than six times (the company wanted to raise Rs.500 Crore). The Rs.500 Crore issue had an option for the company to retain an additional Rs 1,000 Crore. Tata Capital decided to retain total subscriptions of Rs.1,500 Crore, which is up to the rated amount. The NCDs are listed on the National Stock Exchange (NSE) under the ticker TATACAP. The issue has gained significant acceptance and this re-instates the investors confidence in Tata Capital. Based on the good response that the NCD issue has generated, we feel such bonds will become an instrument of choice for investors and other corporates leading to the development of a strong corporate bond market, said Mr. Praveen P Kadle, Managing Director, Tata Capital Limited. Usage of Funds The funds raised through this Issue, after meeting the expenditures of and related to the Issue, will be used for: The companys various financing activities including lending and investments and To repay its existing loans and for its business operations including capital expenditure and working capital requirements. Further, in accordance with the Debt Regulations, the company will not utilize the proceeds of the Issue for providing loans to or acquisitions of shares of any person who is a part of the same group as the company or who is under the same management as the company. Interim Use of Proceeds Pending utilization of the proceeds out of the Issue for the purposes described above, the company intends to Temporarily invest funds in high quality interest bearing liquid instruments including money market mutual funds, deposits with banks or Temporarily deploy the funds in investment grade interest bearing securities as may be approved by the Board. Such investment would be in accordance with the investment policies approved by the Board or the Investment Committee from time to time. NCDs A Brief Debentures Debentures are long-term debt instrument used by companies to raise funds for its business activities and other purpose. A debenture is a certificate acknowledging debt or loan taken by the company from the investor, on which the company will pay interest and repay the principal amount at the end of the tenure of the debenture. Non Convertible Debentures (NCDs) A Non Convertible Debenture is a long term loan on which the company will pay periodic interest and repay the principal amount at the maturity unlike Convertible or Partly Convertible Debenture in which the company may convert total or part of principal amount into equity shares of the company at the time of expiry of maturity period. To simply put, NCDs cant be converted into the equity shares of the company at any time. Rate of conversion and price of share are decided by the Issuers at the time of floating the Public Issue. Typically, the companies pay less interest on convertible and partly-convertible debentures and more on non-convertible debentures. Public issue of NCDs to raise funds Tata Capital had issued NCDs for around Rs.1,500 Crore. This wouldnt have been surprising and intriguing if not for the following reasons: For reasons like high costs of fund raising, high costs of issuance, comprehensive regulatory framework and underdevelopment of securitization products, companies in India generally prefer private placements to raise funds. Most of the corporates are wary of getting the credit rating, which is a mandate in the corporate debt market. In India the size of corporate debt market has remained insignificant in comparison to that of equity. According to ADB Working Paper (2008)[7], corporate debt market accounts for only 3.9% of GDP in India, whereas in countries like Korea and Malaysia, the contributions are 61% and 37.5% respectively. According to SEBIs annual report[8], no public issues of bonds were made by the corporate sector in 2007-08. However, the corporate sector mobilized Rs.1,28,602 Crore through private placement. Also, for a corporate bond a non repayment of even a small amount (say Re.1) or a delay for even one day will be treated as a default and this information will be publicly disseminated. So it makes the Corporates or the Issuers to be more comfortable disclosing their data to bankers or investors during private placements rather than disclosing the same through offer documents in public domain during public issue. The companies should also fully disclose their performances during a public issue, which makes them averse to public issues in general. Given the above mentioned challenges with the public issue of corporate debt like high cost, credit ratings, public disclosure of un-audited financial statements, it is surprising and interesting that Tata Capital opted to raise funds through public issue of NCDs and managed to get oversubscribed by more than six times too. This leads us to find the reasons for Tata Capital opting for this mode of fund raising and the discussion of the same. Reasons for fund raising through public issue of NCDs Due to the global financial crisis in 2008, banks had put a tight credit squeeze on loans offered and investors (mostly Insurance companies, Finance Institutions, Foreign Institutional Investors etc.) became wary of funding loans to corporates. The exposure (both lending and investment, including off balance sheet exposures) of a bank to a single NBFC should not exceed 10% of the banks capital funds as per its last audited balance sheet. Banks may, however, assume exposures on a single NBFC up to 15% of their capital funds provided the exposure in excess of 10% is on account of funds on-lent by the NBFC to infrastructure sectors. In times of credit crisis, Banks try to minimize their exposures as much as possible. Answering questions on how India has been affected by the global economic crisis of 2008, RBI Governor, D Subbarao[9]mentioned the following- Indias financial markets equity markets, money markets, forex markets and credit markets had all come under pressure from a number of directions. The tightened global liquidity situation in the period immediately following the Lehman failure in mid-September 2008, coming as it did on top of a turn in the credit cycle, increased the risk aversion of the financial system and made banks cautious about lending. These factors attributed to Tata Capital opting for public fund raising, instead of private placements or bank borrowing. Also, there is a regulation that Non-infrastructure NBFCs can raise only up to 15% of net worth from Bank Borrowings[10]. This also had put a constraint on Tata Capital to opt for Bank Borrowings because as on 30 Sep 2008, the Net Worth of the company was only Rs.210,718 Lakhs, whereas the company wanted to raise funds of minimum Rs.50,000 Lakhs. This fund requirement is almost 24% of the companys net worth. Because of the liquidity crunch and the above mentioned constraint, it became a challenge to just depend on the one source that corporates always choose Banks for funds. The crisis also eliminated the option of opting for External Commercial Borrowings (ECBs). There was another glitch with Tata Capital opting for ECBs. There has been some end use restrictions put on ECB such as utilization of ECB proceeds is not permitted for on-lending or investment in capital market or acquiring a company (or a part thereof) in India by a corporate. Further ECB proceeds are not permitted to be used for investment in real estate, working capital, general corporate purpose and repayment of existing Rupee loans. Since Tata Capital had planned to use the proceeds for various financing activities including lending and investments, to repay existing loans and for business operations including capital expenditure and working capital requirements, ECB option will not work out in favor of the company. Though from a companys point of view, accepting FDs (Fixed Deposits) are better than issuing NCDs, since Tata Capital is registered as a NBFC, it is not allowed to issue public deposits to raise funds. Many a times (or almost always) even highly rated corporates prefer private placement route ignoring the fact that lower cost of capital in the public offering can offset the higher issuance cost. Tata Capital had realized that the costs could be offset and hence opted for the public issue. Also, Tata Capital saw an opportunity to test the untapped high potential market. After the brunt bore through the Tata Finance Fiasco, it makes sense for Tata Capital to opt for public issue fund raising, as there will be lot of scrutiny and governance involved in the process too. All the above factors have led to Tata Capital opting to fund raising through public issue of NCDs. A brief analysis of the Financial Status of Tata Capital The companys Debt to Equity ratio before the issue is 2.66 as on September 30, 2008. And it was estimated that this ratio will be 3.38 post the issue of the NCDs. The Capital Adequacy Ratio (CAR) as on March 31, 2008 and as on September 30, 2008 was 45.5% and 26.1% respectively, which has fallen over the year significantly. Though Tata Capital managed a marginal net profit in the first six months ended September 2008, it reported a pre-tax loss of approximately Rs.1,800 Lakhs for the nine months ended December, 2008. The companys subsidiaries Tata Capital Markets Limited, Tata Securities Limited and Tata Capital Pte Limited incurred an aggregate loss of Rs.1,573 Lakhs. Though all the above financial facts raise concerns, it is too early to comment on the companys performance as most of the costs are because of the new business setup (start-up costs). The company is a relatively new one, set up in 2007 and it has a limited track record by which to judge its success. Probably, that is why the company was able to solicit good response for its NCD issue. And not to ignore the fact that the Tata lineage would have given it a cutting edge. Probable risks associated with the issue The risks linked with the NCD issue of Tata Capital stem from the challenges associated with any NBFC business and the relatively short track record of Tata Capital. However, this credit risk is partly mitigated by the security offered (fixed assets and future receivables) and the debenture redemption reserve towards maturity. Also, the offer is rated LAA+ by ICRA, which is among the higher investment grade ratings and hence the investors should not have any major concerns. The NCDs are also listed and traded on the NSE and hence investors have the option of cashing out earlier, if the bonds witness frequent trading in sufficient volumes. Also there may not be concerns over liquidity as the investors have a put option at the end of 36 months to redeem their investments, without any interest rate penalty. Based on the various parameters (or constraints) mentioned in this study and considering the economic environment in which the issue was carried out, it is amazing to see that Tata Capital has managed to acquire funds far and beyond its expectations. And it is also good to note the confidence the investors have shown in the Tata group in spite of the Tata Finance Fiasco, which still remains unsolved. It can only be hoped that Tata Capital will live up to the expectations and trust of the customers and shareholders and fly the flag of the Tata Group high.

The Effects Of Different Types Of Physical Activity And...

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Internet Security Essay - 1911 Words

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Logistics & Operations Management of Next Plc †Free Sample

Question: Identify the component activities for an organisation of Next Plc then evaluate the performance objectives used by each and critically examine and suggest ways in which the performance could be improved? Answer: Introduction Logistics and operations management are the crucial functional areas in any organisation because they determine the effectiveness with which the organisation attains its goals and objectives positively. Logistics management is concerned with the flow of materials to warehouses and finished product to retailers and final consumers. Operations management is concerned with managing the operations through applying advanced technological systems so that cost efficiency is attained which will then be transferred to the final consumers. However, in efficiently performing the management of operations and logistics, there are essential component activities used by different organisations (Loader and Biggs, 2002). In achieving better level of performance against these component activities, there are specific performance objectives that have been considered by these organisations and they are focused with a view to achieve improved level of performance against such objectives (Lewis and Slack, 2003). This report is aimed at identifying important component activities in respect to Next Plc and this is followed by an assessment of the important objectives that are set by the organisation in this regard. Once the objectives are identified, the next step is to evaluate the current level of performance of Next Plc against this so that recommendations can be provided in achieving improved level of performance against them. Brief Analysis of Next Plc An analysis of Next Plc indicates that it is a British Multinational clothing footwear and home products retailer that has its headquarter in Enderby, Leicestershire. Next operates more than 700 stores with majority of them are in the UK. It has been the largest clothing retailer in UK, and the core features of Next is that it includes collection for men, women, and children that are styled and designed by its in-house team. The in-house team is responsible for designing great style, quality and value for money with a contemporary fashion edge. The organisation operates not only in UK, but it has its operations internationally in 40 countries overseas. As a result, the operations management including networking has been carried out efficiently with a view to meet out its customers requirements (Next Plc, 2015). Identification of Component Activities in Operations and Networking at NEXT The component activities mainly indicate the key component parts that must be performed to achieve organisations goals. As Next is identified as clothing retailer in UK, the operations management activities of Next involve certain key component activities that fulfils the needs and expectations from such operational departments. As for instance, a major key component activity related to operations management is the product designing and selection. Apart from this, skills and efficiency of its employees is another key component activity of Next Plc that supports the operation management across the organisation. The employees are accountable to supporting the customers of the organisation. Cash handling in Nexts retail format stores, and achieving safety and security are the other major component activities in operations management of the company (Vidler, 2001). Apart from the component activities in respect to operations management, there are certain major component activities that have been identified in respect to the networking process in the logistics management at Next. As Next is operating at a large level, the role of networking and distribution is important, and there are certain key component activities that are involved within its networking process. The current analysis indicates that Next has more than 500 stores in UK and the delivery and supply of necessary clothing wears to these stores have been the crucial component activity of Nexts current operations. The networking process also includes the component activity of suppliers inclusion so that the entire networking process can be carried out efficiently in meeting out the needs and expectations of its final end consumers (Next Annual Report, 2013). These are the major component activities of Next Plc that have been noted in respect to its operations management and networking processes. Key Performance Objectives for Each Identified Component Activity In order to achieve enhanced operations performance and logistics management at Next Plc, there are important component activities that have been noted. These component activities as identified have specific objectives and they are indicated separately as follows: Product Designing and Selection: This has been the key component activity of operations management at Next Plc, and the objectives are: To design clothing wear as per current trends as prevalent within UK customers. To anticipate and respond to changing customer preferences and expectations. To maintain sufficient quantities of a particular fashion wear so as to prevent excessive production and ultimately outdated problems (Next Annual Report, 2013). Applying Employees Skills and Abilities: This is another important component activity of operations management at Next Plc, and its objectives include: To make use of advanced skills and abilities of its employees in designing fashionable wears. To make optimum utilisation of human resources in achieving organisational tasks and activities in a cost efficient way (Sharma, 2006). Cash Handling and Safety and Security: Next being operating so many stores across UK has specific operations goals to achieve safety and security in its operations, and manage cash handling process efficiently. The objectives are: To achieve the production process with higher safety and no casualties at workplace. To achieve proper management of cash with higher accuracy levels (Kale, 2013). Suppliers Inclusion in Networking System: This has been the key component at Next in its networking operations, and the performance objectives are: To ensure that there is regular supply of materials as needed by Next throughout the entire period. To make sure that adequate compliances are achieved by suppliers with the company code (Next Annual Report, 2013). The analysis above has indicated about different component from operations management and networking process at Next Plc and the main performance objectives that have been expected to achieved by the organisation. The next section analyses the actual performance of Next as against these objectives so that appropriate recommendations would be provided in achieving improved level of performance. Analysis of Next Plcs Performance against Performance Objectives As there are specific performance objectives that have been identified in respect to Next Plcs operations and networking management, an analysis of its current performance level as against these objectives is essential. As for example, in relation to the objective of product designing and selection, the performance objectives of Next has been assessed which suggests that the organisations aims at identifying designing customised products and services that can suit their customer needs and requirements. In achieving this objective, there has been executive directors and senior management that have been continuously involved in the process, and they perform regular check ups of the production processes that have been carried out. This not only enables the production of clothing wear as per the latest trends and requirements of customers, but it also results into the positive accomplishment of product quantities as per requirements. The chances of extra surplus production get reduced be cause of the involvement of senior level managers and directors in such production process at Next Plc. This particular approach has been applied at Next Plc in addressing the issue of product designing and development so that the end customer requirements are efficiently met (Next Annual Report, 2013). Apart from the performance objective in relation to product design and development, the analysis of the case of Next Plc indicated that the operations management involve the objectives related to human resource utilisation. At Next Plc, the senior management and the technical personnel are continuously involved in making important decisions related to hiring and retaining talented personnel. The technical staffs are responsible for attracting, motivating and retaining highly qualified employees. In addition to this, in achieving the specific objectives in relation to employing the best possible knowledge, skills and abilities of employees, there has been the deployment of large number of strategies performed across Next Plc. These strategies include providing sufficient level of training and development opportunities to employees, promoting equal opportunities, facilitating efficient communication opportunities to employees (Next Annual Report, 2012). These specific strategies in managing organisational employees at Next have been crucial from the point of view of achieving desired level of performance on their part. The focus of the managers and technical personnel at Next towards utilising the talent of their employees by recruiting and hiring expert professionals, and providing them training and development has been crucial. These initiatives allows for accomplishing desired goals by the company in terms of higher operational efficiency. At Next Plc, its employees are considered as one of their major assets, and they are adequately supported so that their efforts results into the attainment of organisational goals. In these ways, the optimum utilisation of employee abilities is being achieved at Next which has been beneficial to the organisation in meeting out its stakeholders expectations efficiently (Neely, 2007). Apart from the attainment of objectives with respect to operational management, there are specific actions and initiatives that are considered at Next Plc in order to ensure efficiency in its networking abilities. Because of the operations of Next Plc being expanded at a larger level, the networking process especially in the form of logistics management needs to be highly efficient. In this relation, the objective as pursued by Next is to include its suppliers in its working process. The strategy of Next to achieve efficiency in its logistics process implies that the company focuses on making the products available to its customers across all the time. In achieving such efficiency, it makes strategic use of its suppliers whereby company aims at reducing its dependence over a single supplier. There has been a partnership strategy being deployed by the organisation whereby larger number of suppliers is considered as a part of its business strategy. This allows Next Plc in ensuring the supply of products to its customers on regular basis (Next Plc CSR, 2013). Overall, the analysis above indicates that there are various performance initiatives that are considered by Next Plc in order to meet out its operations management and logistics management goals. There has been the consideration of large number of initiatives to make sure that the performance objectives related to the operations management and logistics management are positively accomplished. Conclusion and Recommendations A critical analysis of the component activities of Next Plc has been carried out in this report, and the conduct of analysis revealed significant level of findings. It has been evaluated that there are various important component activities at Next Plc that are aimed at achieving smooth operational and logistics management. The component activities in relation to operations management as identified are mainly in terms of product designing and selection, utilising employee skills and abilities to achieve operational efficiency etc whereas in respect to achieving efficient networking, the component activities as noted are mainly the inclusion of suppliers in meeting out customers need at Next, achieving positive level of support from all its suppliers through partnering them etc. The analysis leads to identification that is significant level of initiatives that are considered at Next Plc in order to achieve its performance objectives in relation to different component activities. Recommendations in Improving Performance Objectives: There are certain major recommendations that are considered in achieving further level of effectiveness at Next in achieving its performance objectives related to operations management and networking. These are indicated as follows: In respect to networking, it is essential that Next Plc should focus more on the activities after the acquisition of raw materials from suppliers is achieved. At present, Next Plc establishes partnerships with its suppliers in the form of including them to its network which has been important. But at the same time, it is essential that centralised operations at Next should be efficiently managed to cover the requirements of its more than 500 stores in UK (Jones and Robinson, 2012). In relation to operations management, it has been evaluated that Next Plc has rigorous policy towards achieving efficiency in its operations through its efficient human resources. However, it is recommended that Next Plc should consider for standard approaches as well in designing its products. At present, it aims at customising its products as per customers requirements, but this has been a costly process. As a result, by focusing on standardised processes, it could be possible to Next Plc in achieving cost efficiency which would significantly enhance its operations (Koontz, 2010). References Jones, P. and Robinson, P. (2012), Operations Management, Oxford University Press. Koontz, H. (2010), Essentials of Management, Tata McGraw-Hill Education. Kale, S. (2013), Production and Operations Management, McGraw-Hill Education. Loader, D. and Biggs, G. (2002), Managing Technology in the Operations Function, Butterworth-Heinemann. Lewis, M. and Slack, N. (2003), Operations Management, Psychology Press. Next Annual Report, (2013) [Online]. Available at: https://www.nextplc.co.uk/~/media/Files/N/Next-PLC/pdfs/latest-news/2013/ar2013.pdf Accessed: 16 March 2015]. Next Plc, (2015) [Online]. Available at: https://www.nextplc.co.uk/about-next/business-overview.aspx [Accessed: 16 March 2015]. Next Plc CSR, (2013) [Online]. Available at: https://www.nextplc.co.uk/~/media/Files/N/Next-PLC/pdfs/corporate-responsibility-report/cr-2013-v2.pdf [Accessed: 16 March 2015]. Next Plc Annual Report, 2012 [Online]. Available at: https://www.nextplc.co.uk/~/media/Files/N/Next-PLC/pdfs/latest-news/2012/ar2012.pdf Accessed: 16 March 2015]. Neely, A. (2007), Business Performance Measurement: Unifying Theory and Integrating Practice, Cambridge University Press. Sharma, S.C. (2006), Introductory Operation Research, Discovery Publishing House. Vidler, C. (2001), Operations Management, Heinemann.